Turystyka kulturowa w regionach peryferyjnych: przykład dystryktu A Luoi (Wietnam)

Andrzej Kowalczyk, Trọng Quân Nguyễn

Abstrakt


Termin „region peryferyjny” dotyczy najczęściej obszarów, które z racji położenia geograficznego, oddalenia od większych ośrodków społeczno-gospodarczych i gorszej dostępności komunikacyjnej, mają na ogół słabiej rozwiniętą gospodarkę niż inne regiony.
W wielu przypadkach są to tereny przygraniczne, jak jest w przypadku dystryktu A Luoi
w położonej w środkowym Wietnamie prowincji Thua Thien-Hue. Często są one zamieszkiwane przez mniejszości etniczne. Wśród walorów turystycznych, które przyciągają turystów krajowych i zagranicznych do leżącego przy granicy z Laosem rejonu A Luoi istotną rolę odgrywają walory kulturowe. O atrakcyjności dystryktu decyduje zarówno dobrze zachowane dziedzictwo kulturowe zamieszkujących ją górskich ludów, jak i pozostałości działań wojennych, jakie toczyły na obszarze A Luoi podczas wojny w Wietnamie w latach 1959-1975. Oba te czynniki są wykorzystywane w promocji turystycznej dystryktu, a związane z nimi atrakcje (np. nawiązujące do wierzeń animistycznych obyczaje ludów Katu, Pa Ko i Ta Oi, czy też relikty militarne związane z tzw. Szlakiem Ho Minha) są chętnie odwiedzane przez turystów. Dodatkowym argumentem przemawiającym za celowością wspierania turystyki kulturowej
w dystrykcie A Luoi jest to, iż dotychczasowe formy miejscowej gospodarki (pozyskiwanie drewna i tradycyjne, niskotowarowe, rolnictwo) są dużym zagrożeniem dla środowiska przyrodniczego. Z tego też względu władze gminy i mieszkańcy widzą szansę rozwijania modelu turystyki bliskiego idei community-based tourism i turystyki zrównoważonej.


Słowa kluczowe


region peryferyjny; Wietnam; dystrykt A Luoi; turystyka kulturowa

Pełny tekst:

PDF

Bibliografia


1 GDP per inhabitant in purchasing power standards (PPS), 2020, Statistical Atlas. Eurostat regional yearbook 2022, https://ec.europa.eu/statistical-atlas/viewer/?year=&chapter=07& [08.03.2023]

Agent Orange, https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agent_Orange [20.01.2023]

Agrusa J., Tanner J., Dupuis J., 2006, Determining the potential of American Vietnam veterans returning to Vietnam as tourists, International Journal of Tourism Research, 8, 3 (May/June, Special issue: war and tourism), s. 223-234

A Lưới, https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Lưới [20.02.2023]

A Lưới (thị trấn), https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Lưới_(thị_trấn) [03.03.2023]

A Luoi thrives to become the dynamic urban area in western Thua Thien Hue, Cổng thông tin điện tử Thừa Thiên Huế, https://thuathienhue.gov.vn/vi-vn/Doanh-nghiep/Chi-tiet/tid/A-Luoi-thrives-to-become-the-dynamic-urban-area-in-western-Thua-Thien-Hue/newsid/B65D1212-653C-42C3-9CBB-ABA600F0FF22/cid/-1 [31.03.2023]

An Sơn, 2019, Lễ hội kết nghĩa trên đỉnh Trường Sơn, Dân Việt, 21.03.2016; https://danviet.vn/le-hoi-ket-nghia-tren-dinh-truong-son-7777668400.htm?gidzl=jZ_kVFRXcL2m8-rx-l-GNxmXx7VWgPi9zYE_8BV_mmZtSEHqjld32_KaudU_hPLU_dRa9M9ox4KTzU6PLG [10.04.2023]

Århem N., 2014, Forests, spirits, and high modernist development. A study of cosmology and change among the Katuic peoples in the uplands of Laos and Vietnam, Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, Uppsala Studies in Cultural Anthropology, 55, Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala

A Rum Deng weaving village, Thua Thien Hue Portal, 21.01.2021,

https://thuathienhue.gov.vn/en-us/Visitor/Visitor-detail/tid/A-Rum-Deng-weaving-village/newsid/362CB74A-F477-4906-A87B-ACB701003BBC/cid/CC149200-8776-4900-BADB-A995008DC7FA [23.02.2023]

Báo cáo tổng kết hoạt động bảo tàng năm 2022, Bảo tàng lịch sử tỉnh Thừa Thiên Huế

Battle of A Sau, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_A_Sau [23.03.2023]

Battle of Hamburger Hill, CustomizeVietnamTours by INSIDE TRAVEL Experts, www.customizevietnamtours.com/tours/battle-of-hamburger-hill.html [31.03.2023]

Báo cáo tổng kết hoạt động du lịch tỉnh Thừa Thiên Huế, Sở Du lịch tỉnh Thừa Thiên Huế, https://sdl.thuathienhue.gov.vn [07.04.2023]

Baudouin S., 2020, The making and promotion of Scottishness in eighteenth and nineteenth-century Britain: Sir Walter Scott, Queen Victoria and tourism, December 2020, UFR Langues et Civilisations, Département des Études Anglophones, Université Bordeaux Montaigne, Bordeaux, praca magisterska,

www.researchgate.net/publication/347984169_The_Making_and_Promotion_of_Scottishness_in_Eighteenth_and_Nineteenth-Century_Britain_Sir_Walter_Scott_Queen_Victoria_and_Tourism [19.01.2023]

Butler R. W., 2014, The importance of the past in explaining the present: the development of tourism in the

Scottish Highlands and Islands from 1750, Tourism Today, Fall, s. 7-22,

http://see-articles.ceon.rs/data/pdf/1450-0906/2014/1450-09061414007B.pdf [30.01.2023]

Cheer J. M., Mostafanezhad M., Lew A. A., 2022, Cultural ecosystem services and placemaking in peripheral areas: a tourism geographies agenda, Tourism Geographies, 24, 4-5, s. 495-500

Christaller W., 1964, Some considerations of tourism location in Europe: the peripheral regions – underdeveloped countries – recreation areas, Papers, Regional Science Association, 12, 2, s. 95-105

Day tour – A Luoi, Hamburger Hill and Ashau village, Daily Travel Vietnam,

https://dailytravelvietnam.com/tours/day-tour-a-luoi-hamburger-hill-and-ashau-village-2 [31.03.2023]

Demographics of Vietnam, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Vietnam [20.02.2023].

Diem-Trinh Thi Le, 2009, Segmenting visitors to battlefield sites: international visitors to the former DMZ in Vietnam, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, praca magisterska, http://researcharchive.vuw.ac.nz/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10063/962/thesis.pdf?sequence=1 [29.03.2023]

Đồi A Biah (Huế) – Địa danh chấn động trời Tây, Khám Phá Huế, b.r.w.

https://khamphahue.com.vn/Chuyen-trang-truyen-thong/San-vat-A-Luoi/Chi-tiet/tid/Doi-A-Biah-Hue-%E2%80%93-Dia-danh-chan-dong-troi-Tay.html/pid/10337/cid/147 [10.04.2023]

Drvenkar N., Banožić M., Živić D., 2015, Development of memorial tourism as a new concept - possibilities and restrictions, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 21, 1 (May), s. 63-77

GDP per capita of the Italian provinces, Reddit, www.reddit.com/r/europe/comments/fyzt1j/gdp_per_capita_of_the_italian_provinces[08.03.2023]

Grosse T. G., 2007, Wybrane koncepcje teoretyczne i doświadczenia praktyczne dotyczące rozwoju regionów peryferyjnych, Studia Regionalne i Lokalne, 1 (27), s. 27-49

Gyr U., 2010, The history of tourism: structures on the path to modernity, EGO European History On-Line,

https://d-nb.info/1020543884/34 [20.01.2023]

Hamburger Hill, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Hamburger_Hill [20.03.2023]

Hamburger Hill Ashau Village Tour, Eco Travel, www.huetraveltour.com/tour-program/hamburger-hill-ashau-village-tour.html [31.03.2023]

Hamburger Hill Battle Tour, Viet Linh Travel, www.vietlinhtravel.vn/Tours/vietnam-battle-tours/hamburger-hill-battle-tour.htm [31.03.2023]

Herzberg R., Tung Gia Pham, Kappas M., Wyss D., Chau Thi Minh Tran, 2019, Multi-criteria decision analysis for the land evaluation of potential agricultural land use types in a hilly area of Central Vietnam, Land, 8, 6, 90, www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/8/6/90 [25.01.2023]

Hoffet J., 1933, Les mois de la chaine annamitique: entre Tourane et les Boloven, La Geographie, 59, 1 (janvier), s. 1–43

Høivik T., Heiberg T., 1980, Centre-periphery tourism and self-reliance, International Social Science

Journal, XXXII, 1, 69-98

Hue News, Exploring the caves of A Luoi, 07.01.2022, Viet Nam National Administration of TourismMinistery of Culture, Sports & Tourism, www.vietnam-tourism.com/en/index.php/news/items/16502 [31.03.2023].

Iizuka A., 2012, Traditional community houses of the Co-tu ethnic group in central Vietnam, SANSAI: an Environmental Journal for the Global Community, 6, s. 97-114,

https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/170263/1/SANSAI6_97.pdf [20.02.2023]

Kanatsu K., 2000, Picturesque tours in Scotland: forming an idea of the British nation, September 2000, Department of English and Related Literature, The University of York, York, praca doktorska, https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14179 [20.01.2022]

Kelly F. J., 2004, U.S. Army Special Forces 1961-1971, Vietnam Studies, Department of the Army, Washington, D.C., s. 182-183

Khách du lịch nội địa năm, https://vietnamtourism.gov.vn/statistic/domestic?year= [07.04.2022]

Kowalczyk A., 2009, Turystyka historyczno-militarna, [w:] Buczkowska K., Mikos von Rohrscheidt A. (red.), Współczesne formy turystyki kulturowej. Tom I, Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego im. E. Piaseckiego w Poznaniu, Poznań, s. 286-312

Le Pichon J., 1938, Les chasseurs de sang, Bulletin des Amis du Vieux Hué, Bulletin trimestriel, 25e année, n°4, (octobre-décembre), s. 357-408, https://revues.vietnamica.online/version2/bavh/38_4bavh [20.01.2023]

Lê Thị Thưi, 2021, Điểm di tích Dốc Con Mèo - Đường B45A, Trang Thông tin điện tử huyện A Lưới, 22.03.2021, https://aluoi.thuathienhue.gov.vn/?gd=21&cn=89&tc=27357 [31.03.2023]

Mączak A., 2001, Peregrynacje. Wojaże. Turystyka. Wydanie drugie poprawione i uzupełnione, Książka i Wiedza, Warszawa

McElwee P., 2008, "Blood relatives" or uneasy neighbors? Kinh migrant and ethnic minority interactions in the Trường Sơn Mountains, Journal of Vietnamese Studies, 3, 3 (Fall), s. 81-116

Meloy E., 2009, Touring Connemara: learning to read a landscape of ruins, 1850–1860,

New Hibernia Review/Iris Éireannach Nua , 13, 3 (Fómhar/Autumn), s. 21-46

Nguyễn Quốc, 2019, Dệt Zèng giúp người dân thoát nghèo, Đại Đoàn Kết, 06.11.2019,

http://daidoanket.vn/det-zeng-giup-nguoi-dan-thoat-ngheo-451629.html [10.04.2023]

Pacoh people, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacoh_people [20.02.2023]

Phạm Hữu Thu, 2019, Trận chiến “Đồi thịt băm” 50 năm nhìn lại, Thừa Thiên Huế Online, 11.05.2019,

https://baothuathienhue.vn/chinh-tri-xa-hoi/theo-dong-thoi-su/tran-chien-doi-thit-bam-50-nam-nhin-lai-71813.html [20.03.2023]

Phòng Văn hóa - Thông tin huyện A Lưới. Báo cáo tổng kết hoạt động du lịch huyện A Lưới, Thừa Thiên Huế (Culture and Information Division of A Luoi district, Summary report on tourism activities in A Luoi district, Thua Thien Hue) – dane dla lat 2015-2022

Przecławski K., 1979, Socjologiczne problemy turystyki, Instytut Wydawniczy CRZZ, Warszawa

Robert A., 2016, At the heart of the Vietnam War: herbicides, napalm and bulldozers

against the A Lưới mountains, Journal of Alpine Research/Revue de géographie alpine, 104, 1

https://journals.openedition.org/rga/3266 [20.01.2023]

Ryan Ch. (red.), 2007, Battlefield tourism. History, place and interpretation, Advances in Tourism Research, Elsevier Science Ltd., Kidlington

Schwenkel C., 2006, Recombinant history: Transnational practices of memory and knowledge production in contemporary Vietnam, Cultural Anthropology, 21, 1, s. 3-31

Stanton S. L., 1990, Green Berets at war. U. S. Army Special Forces in Southeast Asia 1956-1975, Presidio, Novato, CA, s. 118-122

Szymańska-Matusiewicz G., 2012, Pomiędzy drażliwą kwestią polityczną a atrakcją turystyczną: mniejszości etniczne w Wietnamie, Azja-Pacyfik: społeczeństwo, polityka, gospodarka, 15, s. 138-162

Tanaś S., 2013, Tanatoturystyka. Od przestrzeni śmierci do przestrzeni turystycznej, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Łódź

The attractions should not be missed in A Luoi, Discover Hoi An, http://discoverhoian.vn/en/details-tours/225/the-attractions-should-not-be-misssed-in-a-luoi.html [20.02.2023]

Thống kê du lịch, https://thongke.tourism.vn/index.php/statistic/stat/6?share=99&type=type1&rowcode=14&input-type=4&row-list=14_1401,14_1402,14_140102,14_140106,14_140108,14_140110,14_140111,14_140119,14_140122,14_140124,14_140128,14_140131,14_140134,14_140139,14_140141,14_140203,14_140208,14_140214,14_140215,14_140231,14_140232,14_140233,14_140234,14_140241,14_140243,14_140244,14_140246,14_140247,14_140501,14_140507,14_140308,14_140321,14_140145,14_140248,14_140336,14_140455,14_140515,14_140146,14_140147,14_140249,14_1406&nam=2023 [07.04.2023]

Thừa Thiên–Huế - Population density, https://knoema.com/atlas/Viet-Nam/Thừa-ThiênHuế/Population-density [23.02.2023]

Thừa Thiên Huế province, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thừa_Thiên_Huế_province [03.03.2023]

Thừa Thiên-Huế Province topographic map, topographic-map.com,

https://en-ie.topographic-map.com/map-67k5k/Th%E1%BB%ABa-Thi%C3%AAn-Hu%E1%BA%BF-Province/?zoom=15&center=16.13727%2C107.22043&popup=16.13694%2C107.2242 [05.03.2023]

Tôn Thất Hữu Đạt, 2014, Đánh giá tổng hợp tiềm năng du lịch sinh thái dựa vào cộng đồng huyện A Lưới, tỉnh Thừa Thiên Huế, Tạp chí Các Khoa học về Trái đất, 36, 3, s. 271-280, http://huc.dspace.vn/handle/DHVH/3810 [20.01.2023]

Traas A. G., 2018, Transition. November 1968-December 1969, The U.S. Army campaigns of the Vietnam War, Center of Military History United States Army, Washington, D.C

Trần Thị Tuyết Mai, Lăng Lê Phúc Chi, Nguyễn Hoàng Sơn, 2013, Raising A Luoi ethnicminorities’ awareness for the sustainable use of land resources to reduce poverty, Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Educational Reform (ICER 2013): ASEAN Education in the 21st Century, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, s. 387-393,

www.researchgate.net/publication/340444155_Raising_A_Luoi_Ethnicminorities'_Awareness_for_the_Sustainable_Use_of_Land_Resources_to_Reduce_Poverty [20.01.2023]

“Túi lửa” dốc Con Mèo - Khúc tráng ca đẫm máu và nước mắt của những con người quả cảm, Người đưa tin, 19.05.2019, www.nguoiduatin.vn/tui-lua-doc-con-meo-khuc-trang-ca-dam-mau-va-nuoc-mat-cua-nhung-con-nguoi-qua-cam-a434429.html [10.04.2023]

Uesugi T., 2019, A dialogic approach to toxic disasters: Agent Orange in A Luoi Valley, Revista de Antropología Iberoamericana, 14, 1 (January-April), s. 29-50

Villard E. B., 2017, Staying the course October 1967 to September 1968, Combat Operations, Center of Military History United States Army Washington, D.C

Viol M., Todd L., Theodoraki E., Anastasiadou C., 2018, The role of iconic-historic commemorative events in event tourism: insights from the 20th and 25th anniversaries of the fall of the Berlin Wall, Tourism Management, 69, December, s. 246-262

Visit battle field of Hamburger Hill (Hill 937), Asia Tours. Hue Vietnam, www.asiatours.com/experiences/visit-battle-field-of-hamburger-hill-hill-937.html [31.03.2023]

Vo Ngoc Duc, Nguyen Hong Dung, Phan Vu Phuong, 2020, Architectural morphology of traditional community houses of ethnic minorities in Quang Nam and Thua Thien provinces, Đại học Huế/Hue University,

https://csdlkhoahoc.hueuni.edu.vn/data/2020/7/Community_house_full_paper_Vo_Ngoc_Duc_23022020_publish_English.pdf [10.04.2023]

Võ Thạnh, 2022, Hồi sinh sân bay A So, VnExpress, 14.08.2022, https://vnexpress.net/hoi-sinh-san-bay-a-so-4498734.html [10.04.2023]

Wróblewski Ł., 2012, Peryferyjność geograficzna a peryferyjność ekonomiczna regionu przygranicznego, Biuletyn Instytutu Zachodniego, 113, Instytut Zachodni im. Zygmunta Wojciechowskiego Instytut Naukowo-Badawczy, Poznań, 1-5, https://httppz.iz.poznan.pl/plik,pobierz,369,fcea5eb2c0e58ccbb18b9c50ac403981/569-113%20pl.pdf [20.01.2023]




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.62875/tk.v2i127.1420

Odniesienia

  • Obecnie brak jakichkolwiek odniesień.


Copyright (c) 2023 Andrzej Kowalczyk, Trọng Quân Nguyễn

Instytucja sprawcza:

Instytut Sportu, Turystyki i Żywienia Uniwersytetu Zielonogórskiego

      

Logo UZ / Biuro Promocji

 
 
 
 
 
 

Bazy czasopism


Copyright ©  Turystyka Kulturowa 2008-2024. ISSN 1689-4642